Kenny Ausubel
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 United Plant Savers is a nonprofit grassroots membership organization whose mission is to conserve and restore native medicinal plants of the United States and Canada and their native habitats while ensuring an abundant renewable supply of medicinal plants for generations to come. Their book, Planting the Future, is available from Healing Arts Press. |
Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson
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 In China, the field developed as an element of Taoist thought: followers tried to assure a long life (or immortality) through meditation, special diets, medicinal plants, exercise and specific sexual practices. The most important work in this tradition is the Shen nong ben cao jing (the 'Drug treatise of the divine countryman') which is now only available as part of later compilations (Waller 1998; see also Chapter 11, p 172 et seq). This 2200-year-old work includes 365 drugs, most of botanical origin. For each, the following information is provided:
• Geographical origin. |
Linda B. White, M.D.
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 In addition, medicinal plants are connected to nutritional therapies because some herbs, such as onions and apples, are foods.
This book focuses mainly on herbal medicine, a discipline that offers remedies for most health problems. For some conditions, it will also touch on vitamins and supplements, dietary changes, and other ways you can support your own health.
HOW herbs and drugs are alike
While medicinal plants and pharmaceutical drugs are often viewed as opposites, they actually have a good deal in common.
"Alternative" medicine: What Is It Really? |
Gary Null
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| The group also reported for the first time the activities of sixteen new medicinal plants as potential anticancer herbs.60
Many researchers like Abdullaev at the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City make the comment that considering the prevalence of cancer and the fact that it is a leading cause of death, it is important to investigate readily available natural substances from plants, vegetables, herbs, and spices that might be useful in the prevention and treatment of cancer. |
Marie-France Muller, M.D., N.D., Ph.D.
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 It is more than likely that a large portion of the virtues of medicinal plants is due to their mineral content. Chamomile, for example, contains 1800 mg of potassium per 200 calories. In addition, 23 percent of its makeup is calcium. The dry extracts of some cactus varieties consist of 80 percent calcium. Horsetail contains a high amount of silicic acid.
Naturally, the medicinal plants having a high mineral content are generally reputed to heal disorders related to mineral deficiencies. |
Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson
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| The desire to summarize information for future generations and to present the writings of the classical (mostly early Greek) scholars to a wider audience was the major stimulus for writing about medicinal plants. The traditions of Japan, India and China were also documented in many early manuscripts and books (Mazar 1998, Waller 1998). No written records are available for other regions of the world either because they were never produced (e.g. |
| The use of medicinal plants in Europe has been influenced by early European scholars, the concepts of lay people and more recently by an influx of people and products from non-European traditions. This historical overview covers only Europe and the most well-known traditions of Asia: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Ayurveda and Jamu. TCM and Ayurveda will be discussed further in a separate chapter, because they are still used widely today. |
| Humana Press,
Totawa, NJ
Ross I 2000 medicinal plants of the world vol II. Humana Press, Totawa, NJ
Schulz V, Haensel R, Tyler V 1998 Rational phytotherapy.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Thadani MB 1996 Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of natural products, 1 st edn. Cantext Publications, Winnipeg Thomas KJ, Nicholl JP, Coleman P 2001 Use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England: a population based survey. Complementary Therapies in Medicine
9:2-11
Williamson E 2003 Potter's herbal cyclopedia. |
Mark Blumenthal
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 Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry medicinal plants, 2nd ed. Paris, France:
Lavoisier Publishing; 1999:361-3. Caselli L. Clinic, electroretinographic trial on the action of of anthocyanosides. Arch
Med Interna 1985;37:29-35. Cerutti R et al. Value of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides in the prophylaxis of minor side effects with copper intrauterine device contraception. Ginecol Clin
1984;(3-4):244-9.
Cluzel C, Bastide P, Tronche P. Phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities of the retina and anthocyanoside extracts from Vaccinium myrtillus (study in vitro and vivo), [in Italian]. |
Kenny Ausubel
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| United Plant Savers is a nonprofit grassroots membership organization whose mission is to conserve and restore native medicinal plants of the United States and Canada and their native habitats while ensuring an abundant renewable supply of medicinal plants for generations to come. Their book, Planting the Future, is available from Healing Arts Press. |
Sharol Tilgner, N.D.
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 Michael Moore.
9. medicinal plants of the Mountain West. Michael Moore.
10. medicinal plants of the Pacific West. Michael Moore.
CAPSULES
Items needed:
1. Powdered herb
2. Capsules
3. Smooth, flat working surface
It is easy but time consuming to make herbal capsules on a small scale. The herbs should be in powder form. An extremely coarse herb cannot be encapsulated.
The most common type of capsule is the geladn capsule but alternatives made from vegetable bases are available. Although capsules come in 3 sizes, two sizes are generally available. |
Joseph E. Mario
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 Herbs were valued in the Roman Empire by Galen, and Dioscorides' Herbarium (from Indian sources)was written about 100 A.D. Hippocrates' Hippocratic Corpus (of Egyptian source) measured blood in spring corresponding to the earth element; black bile in summer corresponding to water element; yellowbile in autumn to fire element; and phlegm in winter corresponding to air element; with treatment by opposites of dry, cold, wet, and hot. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 Explanation: Drug companies frequently exploit natural medicinal compounds in plants, then modify and patent them for manufacturing prescription drugs, even while discrediting the healing potential of the very same medicinal plants. Lovastatin, for example, was stolen from red yeast rice, a natural supplement that lowers LDL cholesterol. Ephedrine, the active ingredient in Sudafed, was copied from ephedra, a medicinal herb that has now been outlawed by the FDA even while Sudafed remains perfectly legal.)
5. |
Mark Blumenthal
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| Immunostimulants from medicinal plants. In: Chang H, Yeung W, Tso W, Koo A (eds.). Advances in Chinese Medicinal Material Research. Singapore: World Scientific; 1985.
Werbach M, Murray M. Botanical Influences on Illness: A Sourcebook of Clinical
Research, 2nd ed. Tarzana, CA: Third Line Press; 1994; 2000. Wildfeuer A, Mayerhofer D. The effects of plant preparations on cellular functions in body defense, [in German]. Arzneimittelforschung 1994;44(1), Nr. 3:361—6. Williams M. Immuno-protection against Herpes simplex type II infection by
Eleutherococcus root extract. |
| Commission E is a federally mandated panel of 24 experts from various disciplines associated with medicinal plants, including physicians and pharmacists. They met from 1978 to 1995 to assess the safety and efficacy of about 300 herbs and fixed herbal combinations to determine their approval as nonprescription drugs. Commission E conducted literature reviews as the primary method of determining safety and efficacy and did not employ the formal risk-benefit assessments used for conventional drugs. |
| Pharmacogonosy, Phytochemistry, medicinal plants, 2nd ed. Hatton, C.K (trans.). Paris: Intercept, Ltd.; 1999.
Buck S, Burks T. The neuropharmacology of capsaicin: review of some recent observations. Pharmacol Rev 1986;38(3): 179-226.
But P, KimuraT, Guo J, Sung C (eds.). International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine, Vol. 2, Northeast Asia, Part II. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific Publishing, Co; 1997; 138-9.
Buzzanell P, Gray F. The spice market in the United States: Recent developments and prospects. Economic Research Service, U.S. |
| Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, medicinal plants. Paris: Lavoisier
Publishing; 1995.
Cott J. Personal Communication to M. Blumenthal. December 17, 2000.
Daiber W. Climacteric complaints: success without hormones - a phytotherapeutic agent lessens hot flushes, sweating and insomnia, [in German]. Arztliche Praxis
1983; 35(65): 1946-7. Dixon-Shanies D, Shaikh N. Growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells by herbs and phytoestrogens. Oncol Rep 1999;6:1383-7. Diiker E, Kopanski L, Jarry H, Wuttke W. |
Heather Boon, BScPhm, PhD and Michael Smith, BPharm, MRPharmS, ND
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 More than 1300 papers have reported on the chemical constituents, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of garlic over the last 100 years,3 making it one of the most extensively researched medicinal plants. Fenwick and Hanley (1985) provide an excellent review of many of these.4"6
Current Medicinal Use
A growing amount of evidence now shows that the sulphur-containing constituents have medicinal properties, including anti-microbial, cardioprotective and potentially anti-cancer actions. |
Mark Blumenthal
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| Antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants. / Agric Food Chem 1998;46:4487-90.
Pizzorno JE, Murray MT, editors. Textbook of Natural Medicine, Vol. 1., 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1999;991-6.
Pulliero G, Montin S, et al. Ex vivo study of the inhibitory effects of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on human platelet aggregation. Fitoterapia 1989;60:69-75.
Repossi P, Malagola R, De Cadilhac C. The role of anthocyanosides on vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy. Ann Ofialmol Clin Ocul 1987; 113(4):357-36l.
Robert A, Godeau G, Moati F, Miskulin M. |
Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson
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| Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, medicinal plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Dewick PW 2002 Medicinal natural products - a biosynthetic approach, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL et al 1998 Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997.
Results of a national follow-up survey. JAMA 280:1569-1575 Evans WC 2002 Trease and Evans's pharmacognosy, 15th edn.
WB Saunders, London Goodman J, Walsh V 2001 The story of taxol. |
Josef A. Brinckmann and Michael P. Lindenmaier
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 Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 137 (1990)
[9] Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Vol II, Jam-mu Tawi, Regional Research Laboratory" (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), 35-43 (1999). [10] Government of India. Standardisation of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine, Part I. New Delhi, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 190-194 (1987).
C%ygan/Hiller
Crataegi folium cum flore
Ph. Eur., a USNF monograph is planned
Hawthorn leaf and flower
1 cm
Fig. |
C. P. Khare
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 Some special survey tour programmes have also been conducted in the rich forest areas and tribal pockets to unearth the valuable data on the usage of medicinal plants by the tribes in various inaccessible forest areas. These areas include the Leh-Ladakh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Khasia and Garo Hills, South Mirzapur, Panchmarhi, Amarkantak, Chitrakoot, Bastar, Nilgiris, Silent Valley, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Botanical Survey of India at P-8 Brabourne Road, Kolkata-700001, maintains the Central National Herbarium and Indian Botanic Garden at Kolkata. |
Ralph W. Moss PhD
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 Yet sheep sorrel was not included in a 1915 Canadian government study of medicinal plants (2). It was not mentioned in a classic 1928 work on Ojibwa medicine. Nor is it mentioned as an Ojibwa plant in the Field Guide to American Indian medicinal plants (279). Two related plants, Rumex obtusi-folius and Rumex crispus (bitter dock and yellow dock) were used as medicines for cuts, ulcers and eruptions, but again there is no mention of any use against cancer by the Ojibwas. |
Jack Challem
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 The active components of chamomile include blue azulene (an essential oil), glycosides (carbohydrate-based compounds found in many medicinal plants), and many acids and esters. It is also rich in antioxidants. In an unpublished study allergist Holger Biltz, M.D., of Bad Honnef, Germany, reported that a chamomile-containing cream reduced reddening after UV exposure, and reduced skin roughness.
Green Tea
Green tea and, to a lesser extent, black tea are rich sources of antioxidant flavonoids known as catechins. |
C. P. Khare
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| Many medicinal plants used in South India are being cultivated in the Herbal Garden of Arya Vaidyasala, Kottakkal-676503, Kerala.
Tamil Nadu Farms and Herbal Medicine Corporation Ltd., Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106, takes up cultivation of herbal plants commercially required for the production of herbal drugs.
Indian Systems of Medicine Research and Training Centres in India Institute of Post-Graduate Training and Research in Ayurveda
The Institute was established by the Government of India at Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, in 1956. |
Richard P. Brown, M.D., and Patricia L. Gerbarg, M.D.
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 My lifelong interest in medicinal plants can be traced to my childhood in Kentucky, where I trailed my grandfather through the woods as he hunted for mushrooms and other plants with healing properties. Early on, I got the idea that things from nature can be very therapeutic for people. In fact, I learned from both sides of my family that we human beings have a powerful innate ability to heal. We just need to know how to activate it.
My positive clinical experience with Rhodiola rosea, SAM-e, and other natural substances has confirmed what I learned as a child. So has my personal experience. |
Dianne Onstad
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 General Information
Fenugreek, a member of the leguminous bean family, is cultivated primarily for its seeds and is one of the oldest culinary and medicinal plants. Indigenous to Mediterranean shores and western Asia, fenugreek plants resemble white clover but produce pods, each of which contains between ten and twenty aromatic seeds. Each seed is about one-quarter inch long, brownish yellow, and marked with an oblique furrow along half its length. The plant was introduced into central Europe by Benedictine monks, and Charlemagne himself promoted its use during the ninth century. |
Richard P. Brown, M.D., and Patricia L. Gerbarg, M.D.
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| At least three modern, well-designed, controlled clinical trials on the adaptogenic properties of Rhodiola rosea have been published in Pby-tomedicine, a leading English-language journal on the science of herbs and medicinal plants. The results of these trials strongly support the safety and efficacy of Rhodiola rosea. Unfortunately, such trials need to appear in leading medical journals before the conventional medical community will take notice of the potential applications of Rhodiola rosea in modern clinical practice. |
Peter Pringle
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 In Taiwan he collected medicinal plants more easily from rows of local healers' stalls in the market. In all, Vavilov accumulated the largest collection of food plant seeds in the world—an international gene bank that surpassed the collections of the famous nineteenth-century botanical gardens. None of Vavilov's rival plant hunters—British, French, German, Dutch, or American—could keep up with the energetic and single-minded Russian who dedicated his life to finding plants that could help to increase the world s food supply. |
Susun S. Weed
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 Medicinal Plants of the Mountain West, Michael Moore, Museum of New Mexico Press, 1979
14. medicinal plants of the Pacific West, M. Moore, Red Crane, 1993
15. Medicines from the Earth, R. E. Schultes, Harper & Row, 1978
16. Milk Thistle, Christopher Hobbs, Botanica, 1992
17. Natural Healing in Gynecology, Rina Nissim, Pandora, 1986
18. "Natural killer and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activities in Viscum album-treated breast cancer patients," Hajito and Langrein, Oncology 43:93-7, 1986
19. Notes from a talk by herbalist Ed Smith of HerbPharm, 1994
20. |
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