Russell L. Blaylock, M.D.
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 We have already covered the ability of Ginkgo biloba to thin the blood slightly so as to prevent heart attack and strokes. In addition, we have seen that its flavonoids powerfully protect the walls of blood vessels and prevent oxidation of LDL cholesterol. This effect is very important in protecting the brain since oxidized LDL attached to brain cells can severely damage and even kill neurons.477
First, let's look at studies that have been done on less severe memory problems, such as age-related memory loss. |
Michael T. Murray
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 Poor Wound Healing þAloe vera gel—apply to affected areas twice daily
Diabetic Foot Ulcers þGinkgo biloba extract?20 to 240 mg daily; or grapeseed extract?50 to 300 mg daily
Appendix C
Supplementation Program for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
The recommended supplementation program depends on the degree of blood sugar control as evident by self-monitored blood glucose and AjC levels. |
| Poor Wound Healing þAloe vera gel—apply to affected areas twice daily
Diabetic Foot Ulcers þGinkgo biloba extract?20 to 240 mg daily; or grapeseed extract?50 to 300 mg daily
Appendix D
Open Letter to Physicians
Consider taking a copy of this letter to your physician when you discuss the use of alternative and complementary strategies for diabetes. |
| Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is probably best known for its ability to improve blood flow to the brain, but it also improves blood flow to the hands and feet. The most common symptoms of peripheral arterial disease are numbness, tingling, and intermittent claudication—a painful cramp or tightness produced with exertion. Intermittent claudication usually affects the calf muscle. More than twenty double-blind clinical trials have shown GBE to be very effective in improving peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication. The recommended dosage is 120 to 240 mg per day. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 Anyone who takes prescription anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medication or who uses over-the-counter painkillers regularly should consult a health care provider before using ginkgo biloba, as the combination may result in internal bleeding.
Glutathione
Glutathione is a protein that is produced in the liver from the amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine. It is a powerful antioxidant that inhibits the formation of, and protects against cellular damage from, free radicals. |
| Ginkgo biloba has been called "nature's circulation wonder." It can improve circulation, increasing oxygen and blood flow in the arms, brain, and heart.
Q Green tea lowers cholesterol and lipid levels, thus decreasing chances of atherosclerosis. Drink green tea (we suggest one to four cups each day) or take it in extract form. A recent Japanese study recommends not only green tea but also black tea to lower your rate of lipoprotein oxidation, a chemical reaction that makes fats in the blood more likely to be deposited in the arteries. |
Joe Graedon, M.S. and Teresa Graedon, Ph.D.
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 Give ginkgo biloba a try. Although the research is not very supportive, ginkgo may help and it is relatively inexpensive. Make sure that it won't interact with any other medicine you are taking. •Consider melatonin. This natural compound appears to be quite safe and may help tinnitus sufferers get some much-needed sleep.
• If all else fails, your physician might prescribe misoprostol. A few small studies have found it useful for about one-third to two-thirds of tinnitus patients. Its price and side effects are daunting, however. |
| A 1999 review of clinical studies of ginkgo concluded that "overall, the results of these trials are favorable to ginkgo biloba as a treatment for tinnitus, but a firm conclusion about efficacy is not possible . .. the body of evidence is small."816
Since then, there have been two studies that have not found ginkgo to be any better than placebo for relieving symptoms of tinnitus.817,818 At this time it would be fair to say that the evidence is mixed at best and probably not very promising. On the other hand, ginkgo does seem to improve circulation and may be worth a try. |
by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
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| Other Recommendations
Significant improvements in mental function and mood in patients with the early stages of AD have been reported with the daily supplementation of ginkgo biloba extract, 40 to 80 milligrams of the extract standardized to 24 percent ginkgo flavonglycosides, three times a day, and acetyl-l-carnitine, 500 to 1,000 milligrams, three times a day, for at least three months. However, less noticeable improvements have been noted in patients with more advanced stages of AD. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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| This product combines a number of herbal extracts and nutrients, including ginkgo biloba, goto kola, ginseng, garlic, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl choline, in a supplement intended to support and improve memory, concentration, and mental energy and alertness.
Diamond Trim from Diamond-Herpanacine Associates. This is a supplement program intended to promote weight loss by helping control appetite, reduce food cravings, increase the burning of calories, and reduce the absorption of fats. It also contains minerals to replenish those often lost through dieting. |
Mike Adams
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 Ginkgo biloba Extract www.LEF.org online or by phone 800-544-4440
Company or Product
More information at:
Purchase at:
Best way to contact them:
Glucotor www. B aselineNutritionals .com online or by phone
800-695-5995
Good Cause Wellness www.GoodCauseWellness. com online or by phone
520-870-2484
Health Books by Mike Adams www.TruthPublishing.com online or by phone
520-232-9300x23
Hemp Protein Powder www.Nutiva.com online and health stores
800-993-4367 x702
HempShake www.Nutiva.com online and health stores
800-993-4367 x702
Herbal Advantage www.HerbalAdvantage. |
Russell L. Blaylock, M.D.
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| Ginkgo biloba Extract
Take 120-240 mg a day. This extract has been shown to improve blood flow through all tissues, especially the heart and brain. It also contains numerous antioxidant flavonoids and special substances called ginkgolides, which have been shown to reduce blood viscosity and improve blood flow through the microvessels. There is also evidence that it reduces the irritability of the heart muscle (arrhythmia). It should not be taken with anticoagulants, aspirin, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. |
| Methylcobalamin (vitamin B12) directly blocks the glutamate receptor, as do Ginkgo biloba and pycnogenol.™ Pyruvate and malate, products of metabolism, have also been shown to block glutamate toxicity and increase brain energy production at the same time.274 All of these are available as supplements without a prescription.
Anything that increases brain energy production will reduce excitotoxicity. This includes alpha-lipoic acid, CoQIO, niacinamide, all of the B vitamins, acetyl-L-carnitine, and creatine monohydrate. |
| Most doctors will know little or nothing of Ginkgo biloba, if they have heard of it at all.
Hawthorn Extract (Crateagus oxacantha)
This plant extract has been shown to increase the strength of heart contractions (ejection fraction), dilate blood vessels (which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow through the coronary arteries), and acts as a powerful antioxidant.348 1 have found it to be especially effective with patients who have hypertension, since it blocks the angiotensin-converting enzyme responsible for elevating blood pressure. |
Mike Adams
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| Ginkgo biloba offers hope to MS patients. Oregon Health and Science University. Cranberries protect body against harmful bacteria. Rutgers University. Pomegranate juice reduces artery-blocking plaque. Lipid Research Laboratory in Israel. Broccoli promotes healthy joints. Johns Hopkins University. Cruciferous vegetables protect against lung cancer. The Lancet. Uncooked soy can lower cholesterol by 9 percent. University of Kentucky. Sweet potatoes boost immune system. American Institute for Cancer Research. |
Amarjit S. Basra
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 Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of Ginkgo biloba, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 44(1): 19-24. nArya, S., Arya, I.D., and Eriksson, T., 1993. Rapid multiplication of adventitious somatic embryos of Panax ginseng, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 34: 157-162.
°Krishnan, P.N., Sudha, C.G., and Seeni, S., 1995. Rapid propagation through shoot tip culture of Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn., a rare ethnomedicinal plant, Plant Cell Reports, 14: 708-711.
PStapfer, R.E. and Heuser, C.W., 1985. In vitro propagation of periwinkle, HortScience, 20(1): 141-142. |
Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D.
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 CHECKLIST FOR MENIERE'S DISEASE
Nutritional
1
Rating Supplements
Herbs
**ft Flavonoids (page 516)
(hydroxyethylrutosides) j
þft ft
Ginkgo biloba (page
681)
Medical treatments
Over the counter antihistamines, such as dimenhydri-nate (Dramamine), meclizine (Bonine), and cyclizine (Marezine), might be useful to treat dizziness. |
| Ginkgo biloba has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Rating Health Concerns
*** Age-related cognitive decline (page 8) (ARCD)
Alzheimer's disease (page 19) (early-stage) Glaucoma (page 205) (normal tension glaucoma)
Intermittent claudication (page 276) a protective action on nerve cells.5 GBE regulates the tone and elasticity of blood vessels,6 making circulation more efficient.7
Ginkgo is also well-known for its effect on memory and thinking (cognitive function). |
Gary Null, Ph.D.
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 Ginkgo biloba extract significantly improved memory after six weeks of treatment and learning rate after twenty-four weeks in cerebral insufficiency outpatients. A study of cerebral insufficiency in patients with depressive moods noted as a leading symptom found that those treated with 160 mg per day of ginkgo biloba extract experienced a significantly greater degree of clinical improvement than controls. Ginkgo biloba extract and dihydroergotoxine treatment for six weeks led to improvements in elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease. |
Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D.
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| Ginkgo biloba (page 681) (240 mg per day) may alleviate depression in depressed elderly people not responding to antidepressant drugs.97 It is unknown if ginkgo could alleviate depression in other age groups. A small, preliminary trial has shown that ginkgo can reduce sexual problems caused by antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac), bupropion (Wellbutrin), venlafaxine (Effexor), and nefazodone (Serzone) in men and women.98 Double-blind trials are now needed to determine whether ginkgo is truly effective for this purpose. |
| Melatonin (page 555) (for sleep disturbances only)
Niacin/niacinamide
(page 598) (vitamin B3) Omega-3 fatty acids (page 509) (fish oil) Vitamin B6 (page 600) Vitamin C (page 604)
Ginkgo biloba (page 681) (in combination with haloperidol)
þ ftft
D-Serine
Vitamin B|2 (page 601)
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia? |
Dr. Gary Null
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 Rokan (Ginkgo biloba)-Recent Results in Pharmacology and Clinic (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988): 201-11.
A study of 54 patients with mild impairment of everyday function showed that Ginkgo biloba extract improved accuracy and speed in tests of cognitive efficiency.
K. Wesnes et al., "A Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ginkgo biloba Extract in the Treatment of Idiopathic Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly," Human Psychopharmacology! (1987): 159-69. |
Rainer W. Bussmann and Douglas Sharon
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 The most popular herbal products included Ginseng (Ginkgo biloba), Garlic (Allium sativum), Echinacea spp. and St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) [12].
Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine are gaining more and more respect by national governments and health providers. Peru's National Program in Complementary Medicine and the Pan American Health Organization recently compared Complementary Medicine to allopathic medicine in clinics and hospitals operating within the Peruvian Social Security System [13]. |
Mark Blumenthal
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 Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of cerebral disorders due to aging. A longitudinal multicenter double-blind placebo controlled drug trial [in French]. Presse Med 1986;15(31):1583-7.
Tang W, Eissenbrandt G. Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Use in Traditional and Modern Medicine. NewYork (NY): Springer Verlag; 1992.
Tunon H. Phtyotherapie in Schweden [in German]. ZPhytotherapie 1999;20:268-77.
United States Congress (USC). Public Law 103-417: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Washington, DC: 103rd Congress of the United States. 1994. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 Type: Ginkgolides
Ginkgolides are bitter diterpenes found in the root, bark, and leaves of ginkgo biloba. Ginkgolides are antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, antiseptics, and anticoagulants. They are used in the treatment of asthma, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), inflammation, and sepsis (blood poisoning).
Subclass: Phytosterols
Phytosterols protect against colon cancer by slowing down the reproduction of cells in the large intestine. They also enhance immunity, block the uptake of cholesterol in the intestines, and expedite the excretion of cholesterol from the body. |
Mark Blumenthal
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| The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers. Phytother Res 1999;13(5):408-15.
Rogers SL, Doody RS, Mohs RC, Friedhoff LT. A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil Study Group. Neurology 1998 Jan;50(l): 136-45.
Roncin JP, Schwartz F, D'Arbigny P. EGb 761 in control of acute mountain sickness and vascular reactivity to cold exposure. Aviat Space Environ Med
Rong Y, Geng Z, Lau BHS. |
Heather Boon, BScPhm, PhD and Michael Smith, BPharm, MRPharmS, ND
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 Gingko
Ginkgo biloba L
THUMBNAIL SKETCH
Common Uses
þ Cerebral Insufficiency
þ Intermittent Claudication
þ Raynaud's Syndrome
þ'? Memory
Impairment/Dementia
þ Tinnitus
þ Vertigo
Active Constituents
þ Ginkolides
þ Bilobides
þ Flavone Glycosides
Adverse Effects
þ Extremely infrequent, but include: gastrointestinal disturbances and headache; very rarely spontaneous bleeding.
Cautions/Contraindications
þ Pregnancy and Nursing (safety not established)
Drug Interactions
þ May potentiate the effect of anti-coagulants (theoretical). |
Kevin Trudeau
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 Coldwell's stress reducing techniques; natto-kinase; natural Vitamin E; Omega-3s; ginseng; Peruvian maca; horny goat weed; muira puama; tribulus terrestris; ginkgo biloba; Candida cleanse; heavy metal cleanse
Migraine headaches
Dehydration; stress; hormonal imbalances; Candida; food allergies; parasites; heavy metal toxicity, allergies, and TMJ
Do all the cleanses; apple cider vinegar; must eliminate artificial sweeteners; Dr. |
Mark Blumenthal
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| A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract Egb 761 ® in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 2002;17:267-77'. Morgenstern C, Biermann E. The efficacy of ginkgo special extract EGb 761 in patients with tinnitus. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(5): 188-97.
Kava
Loew D. Kava kava extract: risks, benefits or a problem of society? [in German]. Dtsch ApothZtg2002; 142(9):64-74.
Matthews JM, Etheridge AS, Black SR. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 activities by kava extract and kavalactones. |
Ronald L. Hoffman, M.D.
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 Ginkgo—A Survivor and Healer
--
Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living species of tree, nicknamed the "living fossil" by Darwin because this 200-million-year-old-tree survived the Ice Age. Its complex and unique chemistry has given it remarkable resistance to pests and disease as well as a storehouse of active nutrients. The green leaves were first used by the Chinese in 2800 b.c. to improve brain function and treat other ailments such as bronchitis, asthma, and cough, as well as certain parasites.
Ginkgo biloba has been well studied in Europe and is the best-selling natural product there. |
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